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COVID-19 Vaccine

  • On 10 January 2023, the Secretary of Defense rescinded the requirement that U.S. service members be forced to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in order to serve in the military.

    While rescission of the COVID-19 vaccine mandate is certainly great news for service members pending exemption requests, what about former service members who were involuntarily separated from the military for not taking the vaccine? Can they be reinstated onto active duty? Are they eligible for back pay? Are they able to upgrade their discharge characterization of service?

    MJA has battled the military’s unlawful COVID-19 policies from the beginning and has successfully helped veterans petition for relief at Discharge Review Boards and Boards for Correction of Military Records. If you were discharged for refusing to take the COVID-19 vaccine, contact our military defense lawyers today to discuss your options.

    RESCISSION OF COVID-19 VACCINE

    On December 23, 2022, President Biden signed the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2023 (FY23) into law. Section 525 of the FY23 NDAA required the Secretary of Defense, within 30 days of the law being passed, to rescind the mandate that members of the U.S. Armed Forces be vaccinated against COVID-19:

    Sec. 525 Rescission of COVID-19 Vaccination Mandate

    On 10 January 2023, the Secretary of Defense complied with that directive and officially rescinded the military’s COVID-19 vaccine mandate. The memo states that “no individuals currently serving in the Armed Forces shall be separated solely on the basis of their refusal to receive the COVID-19 vaccination if they sought an accommodation on religious, administrative, or medical grounds.” Based on this language, service members who did not submit an exemption request and simply refused the vaccine can presumably still be separated from the military.

    The memo further directs the Secretaries of the Military Departments to “cease any ongoing reviews of current Service member religious, administrative, or medical accommodation requests solely for exemption from the COVDI-19 vaccine or appeals of denials of such requests.” 

    IMPACT ON UNVACCINATED SERVICEMEMBERS

    While rescission of the COVID-19 vaccine mandate is certainly great news to service members who were able to remain unvaccinated, it is unclear whether rescission of the mandate truly marks the end of discrimination against unvaccinated service members.

    For example, some have speculated that it’s still possible that service members may still be required to take a COVID-19 vaccination if ordered to deploy to certain countries. The Secretary of Defense’s memo appears to leave open this possibility, stating that “[o]ther standing Departmental policies, procedures, and processes regarding immunizations remain in effect” and that “[t]hese include the ability of commands to consider, as appropriate, the individual immunization status of personnel in making deployment, assignment, and other operational decisions, including when vaccination is required for travel to, or entry into, a foreign nation.”

    REMOVAL OF ADVERSE INFORMATION FROM MILITARY RECORDS

    The Secretary of Defense’s memo not only rescinds the COVID-19 vaccine mandate but requires the removal of adverse information for individuals currently serving in the Armed Forces. The memo states that the “Military Departments will update the records of such individuals to remove any adverse actions solely associated with denials of such requests, including letters of reprimand.”

    Unfortunately, this language only covers individuals currently serving in the Armed Forces. Veterans who were discharged for refusing to take the COVID-19 vaccine will have to petition their respective Discharge Review Board or Board for Correction of Military Records to request removal of adverse information. You can learn more about how to petition the Boards for Correction here.

    UPGRADE CHARACTERIZATION OF SERVICE

    It is estimated that over 8,000 service members across the military branches were involuntarily separated from the U.S. Armed Forces for refusing to take the COVID-19 vaccine.

    Among those discharged, members of the United States Navy fared the best. Most if not all Sailors separated for refusing to take the COVID-19 vaccine received a fully honorable discharge. In comparison, approximately 15% of Army Soldiers received an honorable discharge, and only around 6% of Airmen and Marines received honorable discharges.

    The overwhelming majority of service members were discharged with a General (Under Honorable Conditions) characterization of service, which could deprive veterans of important VA benefits, like the G.I. Bill.

    Among active duty service members, the Army characterized approximately 85 percent of its COVID-19 vaccination refusal discharges as General; the Air Force characterized 93.5 percent of its vaccination refusal discharges as General; and the Marine Corps characterized 94.1 percent of its vaccination refusal discharges as General.  

    The disparity in treatment between the branches is obvious and fundamentally unfair.

    Unfortunately, the Secretary of Defense has chosen not to remedy these injustices, saying his hands are legally tied. The memo states that “[f]or Service members administratively discharged on the sole basis that the Service member failed to obey a lawful order to receive a vaccine for COVID-19, the Department is precluded by law from awarding any characterization less than a general (under honorable conditions) discharge.”

    The Secretary of Defense directs former service members to petition their Military Department’s Discharge Review Board and Boards for Correction of Military or Naval Records to “individually request a correction to their personnel records, including records regarding the characterization of their discharge.” Our previous blog discusses these review boards in detail.

    REINSTATEMENT TO ACTIVE DUTY AND BACKPAY

    With the vaccine mandate now gone, some service members may want to seek reinstatement to active duty with or without back pay. At least one member of Congress has introduced legislation to require the service Secretaries to reinstate, at their previous rank, service members who were separated for refusing to follow the vaccine mandate.

    Former President Donald Trump, who announced his bid for reelection in November 2022, has likewise stated his support for rehiring service members discharged for not taking the vaccine. National news outlets report that “the Pentagon may consider back pay for troops who were discharged for refusing to get [the COVID-19 vaccine].”

    However, no such provision was included in the recently passed NDAA.

    For now, service members seeking reinstatement and/or back pay must pursue remedies either in federal court (assuming a court finds they have standing) or at the appropriate Discharge Review Board or Board for Correction of Military/Naval Records if they believe that there is an error or injustice.

    CONTACT MJA TODAY

    MJA has battled the military’s unlawful COVID-19 policies from the beginning and will continue to fight for veterans who were unjustly separated for refusing to take the COVID-19 vaccine.

    If you were separated for refusing to take the COVID-19 vaccine or received adverse information in your military file, contact one of our military defense lawyers today to learn more about your rights.

    The post SECDEF Rescinds COVID-19 Vaccine Mandate for Military appeared first on Military Justice Attorneys.

    SECDEF Rescinds COVID-19 Vaccine Mandate for Military
  • So, you stuck to your guns and refused to get the jab? When everyone else caved to pressure from peers and their command, you stood strong and refused to compromise your convictions. And the military rewarded your courage by discharging you from the service for misconduct and, most likely, with a less than fully honorable discharge. What now?

    Fortunately, not all discharge decisions are final. Each service branch has a Discharge Review Board (DRB) and Board for Correction of Military Records (BCMR) established to correct errors and remove injustices from the official military records of service members. These boards can upgrade and correct a veteran’s characterization of service, reenlistment code, and narrative reason for separation, among other things.

    MJA has successfully helped veterans upgrade their discharge characterizations of service and has battled the military’s unlawful COVID-19 policies from the beginning. Contact our military defense lawyers now to learn more.

    UNJUST SEPARATIONS

    Thousands of service men and women across the military branches have been administratively discharged for refusing to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Many of these veterans had sincerely held religious beliefs against the vaccine and submitted religious accommodation requests but were discharged before federal courts stepped in to protect them against separation. Those veterans were unjustly separated in violation of their due process and constitutional rights. In order to restore those rights, veterans must seek relief from federal court or one of the military’s administrative review boards.  

    DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARDS

    For veterans simply seeking to upgrade their characterization of service or change the reason they were discharge, the discharge review boards provide a great option.

    Pursuant to federal law, each military branch maintains a Discharge Review Board (DRB) which meets regularly to review submissions and hear oral arguments in favor of applicants. Veterans seeking a discharge upgrade may, within 15 years from their military discharge, petition one of the following DRBs:

    • Air Force Discharge Review Board (AFDRB)
    • Army Discharge Review Board (ADRB)
    • Coast Guard Discharge Review Board (CGDRB)
    • Naval Discharge Review Board (NDRB)

    The DRBs are authorized to reconsider discharges not ordered by sentence of a general court-martial and non-medical in nature; upgrade characterizations of service; issue re-enlistment codes; and restore rank as a matter of propriety and/or equity and fairness.

    One of the biggest advantages of the DRB is that an applicant has the right to request a personal appearance in front of the board. The veteran can represent himself at the personal appearance or be represented by counsel.

    BOARDS FOR CORRECTION OF MILITARY RECORDS

    Another option for veterans seeking relief is the Boards for Correction of Military/Naval Records. Each service branch has a Board for Correction of Military Records established to correct errors and remove injustices from the official military records of service members. Such records may include, but are not limited to, records regarding discharges, reenlistment codes, disciplinary matters, performance evaluations, selection for promotion, advancement, retirement, dates of service, disability ratings, medals, and various bonuses and benefits. The BCMRs include:

    • Air Force Board for Correction of Military Records (AFBCMR)
    • Army Board for Correction of Military Records (ABCMR)
    • Board for Correction of Military Records of the Coast Guard (BCMR)
    • Board for Correction of Naval Records (BCNR)

    Current and former members of the United States military (including Reserve personnel) may apply for a correction of an error or removal of an injustice in their official military record. If a former service member is deceased or incompetent, the member’s spouse, next of kin (parent, sibling, or child), or legal representative can apply for the service member. Applicants must first exhaust available administrative avenues of relief before applying to a BCMR.

    DISCHARGE APPEAL REVIEW BOARD

    If neither the DRB nor BCMR/BCNR provide relief, veterans may be eligible to petition the Department of Defense’s Discharge Appeal Review Board (DARB). The DARB, created in 2021, provides final review of discharge or dismissal characterization upgrade requests when petitioners have exhausted all available administrative remedies. The DARB is the highest administrative level of review for a discharge upgrade request. 

    To be eligible, the service member must have been separated on or after December 20, 2019, and has exhausted all available appeals with their service DRB and BCMR/BCNR. The requirement to “exhaust all available appeals” simply means that the petitioner has already requested and been denied relief from their service DRB and BCMR/BCNR before applying to the DARB. The DARB may review both voluntary or involuntary discharges based on:

    Enlisted:

    • Expiration of service obligation
    • Change in service obligations
    • Weight control failure
    • Convenience of the Government
    • Disability
    • Defective enlistments and induction
    • Unsatisfactory reserve participation
    • Secretarial plenary authority
    • Entry-level conduct/performance
    • Unsatisfactory performance
    • Military Department reasons
    • Misconduct
    • Separation in lieu of court-martial
    • Security
    • Drug abuse rehabilitation failure
    • Alcohol abuse rehabilitation failure

    Officer:

    • Substandard performance of duty
    • Misconduct or moral or professional dereliction
    • Retention not clearly consistent with national security interests;
    • Sentence by court-martial
    • Dropping from the rolls

    If the DARB recommends that the petitioner’s characterization of service be upgraded, this recommendation is sent to the Secretary of the Military Department concerned for final action. The Secretary of the Military Department makes the final decision.

    CONTACT US TODAY

    Not all discharge decisions are final. MJA has successfully helped veterans upgrade their discharge characterization of service and reason for separation and has battled the military’s unlawful COVID-19 policies from the beginning. Contact our military defense lawyers now to learn more.


    **UPDATE – On 10 January 2023, the Secretary of Defense officially rescinded the COVID-19 vaccine for the U.S. military. Check out our January 2023 blog post to see how this affects active duty service members and former service members who were discharged for not taking the COVID-19 vaccine.

    The post I was Discharged for Not Taking the COVID-19 Shot: What Now? appeared first on Military Justice Attorneys.

    I was Discharged for Not Taking the COVID-19 Shot: What Now?
  • Since early 2021, the Department of Defense (DoD) has been obsessed with forcing service members to get vaccinated, no matter what the cost. Do as they say, get a COVID-19 vaccine, and then you can relax – keep your job, get promoted, hold key leadership billets, attend specialized schools, execute PCS orders, and preserve the benefits and entitlements that you have earned.

    Disobey, and your voluntary service means nothing. No matter your rank or years of service, they seek to take your job, benefits, and entitlements; and in the meantime, deny you promotion and career opportunities. 

    Over the next few months, the DoD hopes to force thousands of service members out of the military for refusing the jab. MJA has successfully helped servicemembers fight unjust separation actions and is already battling against unlawful COVID-19 mandates. If you have been notified of administrative separation for refusing the COVID-19 vaccine and want to fight for your career, contact us today for your free consultation.

    “VAX, VAX, RELAX”

    Sadly, since early 2021, this has become the DoD’s newest cadence. It seems that the DoD is preoccupied with nothing else. It’s become an obsession. Do as they say, get a COVID-19 vaccine, and then you can relax – keep your job, get promoted, hold key leadership billets, attend specialized schools, execute PCS orders, and preserve the benefits and entitlements you’ve earned. Disobey, and your voluntary service means nothing. You will be crushed.

    While the military branches invent new orders and regulations, they disregard proper application of the existing law, policies, and procedures governing the approval of medical and administrative exemptions, to include religious accommodation, as governed by the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) and outlined in the joint regulation, Immunizations and Chemoprophylaxis for the Prevention of Infectious Diseases of October 7, 2013. 

    However, federal judges are catching on.

    On November 22, 2021, a district court judge in Florida wrote that “the [military] plaintiffs’ contention is — based on current data — quite plausible that each branch’s procedure for requesting a religious exemption is a ruse that will result inevitably in the undifferentiated (and therefore unlawful under RFRA) denial of each service member’s request.”

    On January 3, 2022, a district court judge in Texas wrote that “The Navy provides a religious accommodation process, but by all accounts, it is theater. The Navy has not granted a religious exemption to any vaccine in recent memory. It merely rubber stamps each denial.” Shortly after, another federal judge in Texas wrote, with respect to the vaccine mandate for federal employees, “there is no reason to believe that the public interest cannot be served via less restrictive measures than the mandate, such as masking, social distancing, or part- or full-time remote work.”

    Most recently, a federal judge in Florida found that two service members, a Navy Seal and Marine Officer, were “very likely to prevail on their claim that their respective branch of the military has wrongfully denied a religious exemption from COVID-19 vaccination.” The judge wrote that there is a “strong inference that the services are discriminatorily and systematically denying religious exemptions without a meaningful and fair hearing.”

    THE ADMINISTRATIVE SEPARATIONS BATTLE

    The military branches are now readying themselves for the administrative separations battle that lies ahead. They are issuing guidance to commanders, personnel officers, and assembling their legal teams.

    That guidance includes directing Transition Readiness Seminar attendance and final physical appointments, collecting command “character” statements—intended to reflect poorly on the service member—and issuing notifications of separation proceedings with the basis (or reason) for separation as “misconduct” and “commission of a serious offense,” i.e., failure to receive a COVID-19 vaccine.

    These increased efforts are occurring even though most of the new COVID-19 infections in the DoD are arising from among the fully vaccinated and even boosted population.

    Whether you are currently in the separation process or anticipate soon joining this category, ask yourself: “Am I doing everything that I possibly can to lawfully defend myself and my faith, moral principles, and matter of conscience?”

    Requesting mast, submitting Article 138 complaints of wrongs, filing complaints with an Office of the Inspector General, and seeking assistance through your Congressman’s office are all lawful actions that you may take to protect yourself and your career. MJA can help with those efforts and encourages the same if you feel they are right for you as part of a “long game.”

    REQUEST A BOARD HEARING

    Many patriots, including those under 6 years of total service, are being denied the right to request a board hearing. If this is you, now is not the time to give up! There are many actions you can take now which may assist you in obtaining the relief that you seek post-separation, for example, through the appropriate discharge review process or in federal litigation. 

    And if you are offered the opportunity to request a board hearing, and you want to fight for yourself and your family members—those directly impacted by the relentless persecution of your sincerely held beliefs—then contact MJA immediately about representation at a board. 

    A board will vote as to whether a preponderance of evidence supports the basis for separation. If a basis is found, then it will vote to recommend whether you are separated. If separation is recommended, then it will vote to recommend a characterization of service – a recommendation which the separation authority cannot lower or otherwise make worse. In short, a board hearing gives you the opportunity to fight to save your career.

    SUBMIT REBUTTAL MATTERS

    Servicemembers with less than 6 years of active duty do not rate a separation board when discharged under Honorable or General (Under Honorable Conditions). As a result, they can be involuntarily separated from the military via “notification procedures” without a formal hearing. Even without a hearing, however, servicemembers can still fight to remain on active duty or have an Honorable discharge.

    Servicemembers notified of separation may submit written matters or statements in response to the proposed separation. If an intermediate commander considers additional unfavorable information outside that contained in the original separation action, then servicemembers should be allowed to rebut the additional material prior to the separation action being forwarded up the chain of command.

    The submission of a compelling written rebuttal is the Soldier’s single best opportunity to terminate the separation proceedings or to convince the separation authority to suspend the separation or discharge the servicemember with a fully Honorable discharge.

    ADMINISTRATIVE SEPARATION CONSIDERATIONS

    You should also consider taking the following steps in anticipation of your processing for administrative separation:

    • Do not drop your pack. Continue to exemplify the warrior ethos. Do your job and do it well. Though hard to maintain at times, you must have a positive attitude and be grateful for the opportunities you have been given.
    • Document everything. Maintain a record of each communication made and action taken by your chain of command as it pertains to your vaccination status.
    • Contact medical. Instruct your health/medical team to document all service-connected illnesses and injuries now. Do not wait to preserve this information in your medical record, because once you separate from the service it is often too late. Generally, disability compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs cannot be taken away by the DoD so long as your characterization of service is under other than dishonorable conditions, i.e., Honorable and General discharges.
    • Gather statements. Often referred to as “affidavits,” these signed and sworn statements should be from individuals with whom you have a personal or professional relationship and who may comment on your unquestionably honorable service in uniform and exceptional reputation in the community. Remember, it is always easier to obtain these from fellow service members if you don’t drop your pack.

    CONTACT US TODAY

    MJA has successfully helped servicemembers fight unjust separation actions. If you have been notified of administrative separation for refusing the COVID-19 vaccination and want to fight for your career, contact us today for your free consultation.

    The post I’m Being Discharged for Not Taking the COVID-19 Vaccine. Can I Fight It? appeared first on Military Justice Attorneys.

    I’m Being Discharged for Not Taking the COVID-19 Vaccine. Can I Fight It?
  • With over 12,000 service members having submitted religious accommodation requests to be exempted from the COVID-19 vaccine, and only two approvals to date, it’s clear that the Department of Defense’s (DoD) religious accommodation process is simply a ruse, with no real regard for servicemembers’ sincerely held religious beliefs.  

    Given the tidal wave of denials, servicemembers might understandably feel discouraged and want to give up the fight by not filing an appeal. This is a MISTAKE. The fight to preserve religious liberties in the face of the DoD’s senseless COVID-19 policies is a marathon, not a sprint. To have the best chance for success, it is critical that servicemembers seeking religious exemptions exhaust every potential remedy, including timely filing an appeal.

    MJA has successfully helped servicemembers fight unjust separation actions and is actively engaged in the battle against the DoD’s unjust COVID-19 actions. If your religious accommodation request was denied and you want to appeal, contact us today for your free consultation.

    RELIGIOUS ACCOMMODATION PROCESS IS “THEATER”

    Media outlets report that over 12,000 service members have submitted religious accommodation requests to be exempted from the COVID-19 vaccine. This includes approximately 4,700 religious exemption requests in the Air Force; 2,700 in the Navy; 3,100 in the Marine Corps; and 1,700 Army requests. Until recently, none of those requests had been approved, drawing criticism from servicemembers, lawmakers, and the courts.

    However, federal judges are catching on.

    On November 22, 2021, a district court judge in Florida wrote that “the [military] plaintiffs’ contention is — based on current data — quite plausible that each branch’s procedure for requesting a religious exemption is a ruse that will result inevitably in the undifferentiated (and therefore unlawful under RFRA) denial of each service member’s request.”  

    On January 3, 2022, a district court judge in Texas wrote that “The Navy provides a religious accommodation process, but by all accounts, it is theater. The Navy has not granted a religious exemption to any vaccine in recent memory. It merely rubber stamps each denial.”

    These harsh critiques of the military’s religious accommodation process appear to have had some immediate effect. A few days later, the Marine Corps announced that it granted two service members permanent religious exemptions from the COVID-19 vaccine.

    Not surprisingly, the Marine Corps did not provide any details on the circumstances surrounding the two exemptions. It would not be shocking to learn that the exempted Marines already had one foot out the door (e.g. retirement eligible,  medical discharge, etc), giving the Marine Corps an easy excuse to grant the exemptions while creating the appearance of fairness.

    Regardless of the circumstances, the Marine Corps’ approvals open the door for the other branches to follow suit and provides hope that more approvals will come.  

    REASONS TO APPEAL

    An initial denial of a religious accommodation request does NOT end the process. Service members can, and should, appeal the denial! Appealing the denial is important because it:

    • Gives you a second shot. Different authorities are responsible for reviewing religious accommodations requests and appeals. For example, the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (DCNO) (N1) is responsible for acting on initial religious accommodation requests in the Navy, but appeals are reviewed by the Chief of Naval Operations for final adjudication. Submitting an appeal puts your case in front of a second reviewing authority and gives you another chance for approval.
    • Exhausts administrative remedies. Federal courts and DoD administrative appeal boards often require petitioners to “exhaust all available administrative remedies” before bringing an action. In the context of religious exemptions, this could mean not only filing the initial request but also appealing the denial. Filing an appeal shows that you exhausted all available military processes to seek relief.
    • Creates more time for courts intervene. Filing an appeal also creates more time for federal courts to intervene. The DoD’s almost total refusal to grant religious accommodations remains the subject of ongoing litigation. On 3 January 2022, a federal judge in Texas granted a preliminary injunction stopping the Navy from acting against 35 Navy Seals for refusing the COVID-19 vaccine on religious grounds. The judge explained that the Sailors’ case seeks to “vindicate the very freedoms they have sacrificed so much to protect” and that “[t]here is no COVID-19 exemption to the First Amendment.” If the DoD does not respect the religious liberties of servicemembers, federal courts may well intervene.

    DEADLINE TO APPEAL

    Like all things COVID-19 related in the military, the deadline to appeal denial of a religious accommodation request varies between the branches.

    Generally, the Army requires that appeals be submitted within seven (7) calendar days from notification of the denial; the Navy five (5) business days; the Marine Corps ten (10) business days to appeal; and the Air Force allows only five (5) calendar days from denial to submit an appeal.

    The appeal timeline SHOULD begin from the date you acknowledge receipt of the denial and are informed of your right to appeal. This is usually different than the date listed on the denial letter, which can be dated many days or even weeks earlier.

    The general deadlines listed above may be subject to change, however, and individual units may demand that you submit your appeal sooner. For this reason, it is critical that you understand exactly when the command says your appeal is due and contact an attorney immediately after your accommodation request is denied.

    CONTACT US TODAY

    MJA has successfully helped servicemembers fight unjust separation actions and is actively engaged in the battle against the DoD’s unjust COVID-19 actions. If your religious accommodation request was denied and you want to appeal, contact us today for your free consultation.

    The post My COVID-19 Religious Accommodation Request Was Denied. Should I Appeal? appeared first on Military Justice Attorneys.

    My COVID-19 Religious Accommodation Request Was Denied. Should I Appeal?
  • For those who have served in the military, the DoD’s mandatory COVID-19 vaccination rollout has been exactly what you would expect—a cluster of misinformation and intimidation tactics resulting in service members being harassed and threatened to take the vaccine, discouraged from submitting religious accommodation requests, and berated by leadership if they dare to question the vaccine mandate.

    With the deadlines to be fully vaccinated quickly approaching, some service branches have already released guidance on how they intend to punish those who refuse to take the vaccine. These punishments may include, at least for the Navy, relief for cause, administrative reprimands, and mandatory separation processing.

    MJA has successfully helped servicemembers fight unjust separation actions. If you have been notified of administrative separation or court-martial for refusing the COVID-19 vaccination and want to fight for your career, contact us today for your free consultation.

    DEADLINES FOR THE U.S. MILITARY TO BE FULLY VACCINATED

    The military branches have imposed varying deadlines on when service members must be fully vaccinated:

    • Air Force: Active-duty Airmen and Guardians must be fully vaccinated by November 2, 2021, while Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve personnel have until December 2, 2021.
    • Army: Active-duty Soldiers must be fully vaccinated by December 15, 2021. Reserve and National Guard units must be fully vaccinated by June 30, 2022.
    • Navy: Active-duty Sailors must be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 no later than November 28, 2021, and Ready Reserve Navy service members no later than December 28, 2021 (See NAVADMIN 225/21).
    • Marine Corps: Active-duty Marines must be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 no later than November 28, 2021, and reservists no later than December 28, 2021 (See MARADMIN 533/21 for the deadlines specific to each vaccine).

    A service member is considered “fully vaccinated” two weeks after completing an approved COVID-19 vaccination series.

    COVID CONSOLIDATED DISPOSITION AUTHORITY (CCDA)

    On October 13, 2021, the Chief of Naval Operations announced in NAVADMIN 225/21 that the Chief of Naval Personnel will serve as the Navy’s COVID Consolidated Disposition Authority (CCDA), the central authority for adjudication of vaccine refusals.

    The CCDA will be the designated show cause authority for officers and separation authority for all enlisted Sailors who refuse the COVID-19 vaccine, except those serving in an Entry Level status.

    In the Marine Corps, the general court-martial convening authority (typically the first Commanding General in the Marine’s chain of command) will be the initial disposition authority for cases arising from COVID-19 vaccine refusals. Adverse administrative or judicial proceedings may be initiated by Commanders, Commanding Officers, or Officers in Charge when a Marine has refused to take the vaccine.

    PUNISHMENT FOR SAILORS REFUSING THE COVID-19 VACCINATION

    Sailors, for example, who refuse the COVID-19 vaccination without a pending or approved exemption “shall be processed for administrative separation” per NAVADMIN 225/21. This is an automatic requirement meaning that the Navy WILL try to boot out anyone who refuses to take the vaccine. Administrative processing may be by notification procedures for Sailors with less than 6 years of service or a separation board hearing for Sailors who have served over 6 years.

    Under the new rules, a service member “refusing the vaccine” is one who has: “(1) received a lawful order to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19; (2) is not or will not be fully vaccinated on the date required by the order; and (3) does not have a pending or approved exemption request.”

    In addition to initiating administrative separation processing, the CCDA retains the authority to remove a refusing Sailor’s professional qualifications including warfare qualifications, additional qualification designations (AQD), Navy Enlisted Classifications (NEC), or sub-specialties, except where the removal authority is otherwise authorized by law or Executive Order.

    Local commanders have the authority to temporarily reassign Navy service members who refuse the COVID-19 vaccine based on operational readiness or mission requirements and are prohibited from allowing Sailors who refuse the vaccine to promote, advance, reenlist, or execute orders (except separation orders) until the CCDA has completed disposition of their case.

    While most COVID-19 refusals are expected to be handled through administrative separation processing, the Vice Chief of Naval Operations retains the authority to impose nonjudicial punishment (NJP) or court-martial.

    UNDERSTANDING THE ADMINISTRATIVE SEPARATION PROCESSING

    Officers who refuse the COVID-19 will become the subject of a report of misconduct and WILL BE required to show cause for retention on the basis of Misconduct, Moral or Professional Dereliction, and Substandard Performance. The least favorable characterization of service an officer may receive will be General (under honorable conditions), unless inclusion of another basis for misconduct warrants an Other than Honorable (OTH) separation.

    Enlisted Sailors who refuse the vaccine will be notified of administrative separation under MILPERSMAN 1910-142, Commission of a Serious Offense, plus any additional basis known at the time of processing. The least favorable characterization of service will also be General (under honorable conditions), unless the command includes another basis which warrants an OTH.

    Enlisted service members who are separated will not be eligible for involuntary separation pay and will be subject to recoupment of any unearned special or incentive pays. Further, while separation processing is pending, Sailors who refuse the vaccine will be withheld promotion/advancement and receive adverse documentation in their military records to include adverse fitness reports and enlisted evaluations.

    SENIOR MILITARY LEADERS TO BE PUNISHED FIRST

    The Navy has decided that the most effective way to encourage vaccination is to threaten unvaccinated senior leaders with relief and a detachment for cause (DFC) if they do not immediately comply.

    NAVADMIN 225/21 states that an “unvaccinated senior leader without a pending or approved exemption calls into question the Navy’s trust and confidence regarding their ability to ensure unit readiness or to maintain good order and discipline.”

    According to the same message, however, over 98 percent of active-duty U.S. Navy service members have already completed or initiated a COVID-19 vaccination series. With such a high compliance percentage, it’s difficult to see how a senior leader’s delayed compliance with the vaccine mandate would have any impact on unit readiness.

    Regardless, NAVADMIN 225/21 firmly requires that senior leaders “begin vaccination immediately.” Under the new guidance, Commanding Officers must notify senior leaders refusing the vaccine, in writing, that they have five (5) calendar days to initiate corrective action. If the senior leader does not begin a vaccination series or request an exemption within those five days, Commanders MUST relieve the senior leader and initiate detachment for cause.

    NAVADMIN 225/21 defines a “Navy senior leader” as a “flag officer or flag officer select; an officer serving as a commander, deputy commander, commanding officer, executive officer, chief of staff, chief staff officer, or officer in charge; or an enlisted member serving as a command master chief, chief of the boat, senior enlisted advisor, or command senior enlisted leader.”

    TERMINAL LEAVE EXEMPTION

    The only silver-lining to NAVADMIN 225/21 is the “terminal leave” exemption. Thankfully, Navy service members who begin terminal leave on or before the vaccine mandate deadlines are administratively exempted from vaccine requirements.

    CONTACT US TODAY

    MJA has successfully helped servicemembers fight unjust separation actions. If you have been notified of administrative separation or court-martial for refusing the COVID-19 vaccination and want to fight for your career, contact us today for your free consultation.

    The post What Happens to Service Members Who Refuse the COVID-19 Vaccine? appeared first on Military Justice Attorneys.

    What Happens to Service Members Who Refuse the COVID-19 Vaccine?
  • The Pentagon has announced that COVID-19 vaccinations are now mandatory for Department of Defense Service Members according to a memo recently released by Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin.

    With mandatory vaccinations now here, many service members have begun exploring their eligibility for medical or administrative exemption (which includes religious exemptions). If you are concerned about the lawfulness of a mandatory vaccination or believe you may qualify for an exemption, contact one of our military defense lawyers today to learn more about your rights.

    WHO DOES THE COVID-19 VACCINE MANDATE APPLY TO?

    On 24 August 2021, Secretary of Defense Austin directed that the Secretaries of the Military Departments “immediately begin full vaccination of all members of the Armed Forces under DoD authority . . . who are not fully vaccinated against COVID-19.” This includes all service members “on active duty or in the Ready Reserve, including the National Guard.”

    According to the memo, “[s]ervice members are considered fully vaccinated two weeks after completing the second dose of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine or two weeks after receiving a single dose of a one-dose vaccine.” Notably, service members with previous COVID-19 infection are NOT considered fully vaccinated.

    While the Pentagon did not state a specific date by which service members must be fully vaccinated, the memo requires that vaccinations begin “immediately” and that the Secretaries of the Military Departments impose “ambitious timelines for implementation.”

    The Department of the Navy (DON) has already announced that all DON active duty service members, who are not already vaccinated or exempted, will have to be vaccinated within 90 days and all Reserve Component service members must be vaccinated with 120 days of the issuance of ALNAV 062/21, released on 30 August 2021.

    WHICH COVID-19 VACCINE CAN THE MILITARY MANDATE?

    The Secretary of Defense stated that mandatory vaccinations “will only use COVID-19 vaccines that receive full licensure from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in accordance with FDA-approved labeling and guidance.” Whether that will be true in practice, however, is yet to be seen.

    On 23 August 2021, the FDA approved the first COVID-19 vaccine. The vaccine, previously known as the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, will now be marketed as “COMIRNATY”.

    That same day, the FDA reissued a letter of authorization allowing the EUA to “remain in place for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine” and “to authorize use of COMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) under this EUA for certain uses that are not included in the approved BLA.” In other words, the FDA will continue to allow the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine to be administered under an EUA.

    With both vaccines potentially available, critics have questioned which vaccine service members will be ordered to take: the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine or COMIRNATY? This question is particularly troublesome given the FDA’s recent statement there is not enough COMIRNATY available for distribution to the public at large:

    Although COMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) is approved to prevent COVID-19 in individuals 16 years of age and older, there is not sufficient approved vaccine available for distribution to this population in its entirety at the time of reissuance of this EUA.

    Service members ordered to take a COVID-19 vaccine should confirm that any vaccine they receive has received “full licensure” from the FDA “in accordance with FDA-approved labeling and guidance.” Failure to provide the proper vaccine could create legal issues for the Government if a service member refuses to take an unapproved vaccine.

    Despite the clear distinction between the FDA-approved COMIRNATY and the FDA-authorized Pfizer-BioNTech, the Department of Defense has stated that the two vaccines can be used “interchangeably for the purpose of vaccinating Service members” in accordance with the SecDef’s vaccine mandate. This position is based on FDA guidance contained in a Frequently Asked Questions section of their website. The Department of Defense has not explained the FDA’s declaration that the two vaccines are “legally distinct.”

    On October 12, 2021, Wisconsin Senator Ron Johnson penned a letter to President Biden, Secretary of Defense Austin, and Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Mark Milley questioning whether the DoD’s mandatory COVID-19 vaccinations are in accordance with Secretary Austin’s mandate. Senator Johnson specifically raised concerns about service members being forced to receive vaccinations that are not FDA-approved.

    MJA is aware that some service members have already been ordered, in writing, to take the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine since COMIRNATY is not available.

    ARE THERE ANY POTENTIAL EXEMPTIONS FROM MANDATORY VACCINATION?

    Even if a mandatory vaccination order is determined to be lawful, some service members may be exempt from taking the vaccination due to medical, administrative, or religious reasons.

    Generally, requests for religious exemptions must include the service member’s name, rank, MOS/branch, and a description the religious belief contrary to immunization. Supporting documents, like letters from religious leaders, are optional but may be helpful in assisting commanders in a request.

    Service members requesting religious exemption are also required to meet with the unit chaplain to discuss the basis for their religious objections. The chaplain must interview the service member and provided a memorandum addressing the religious basis and sincerity of the service member’s request. The chaplain has the discretion to recommend either approval or disapproval of the exemption request but is not required to make such a recommendation.

    Service members must also be counseled by a licensed healthcare provider to ensure they are making an informed decision. This counseling should address, at a minimum: (a) Specific information about the diseases concerned; (b) Specific vaccine information including benefits and risks; and (c) Potential risks of infection incurred by unimmunized individuals.

    According to the DoD’s memo, service members who are “actively participating” in COVID-19 clinical trials are exempted from mandatory vaccination until such trial is complete.

    CONTACT MJA TODAY

    An order from a superior commissioned officer to take the COVID-19 vaccination is likely to be considered a lawful military order, and service members who disobey such orders do so at their own peril.

    If you are concerned about the lawfulness of a mandatory vaccination or believe you may qualify for an exemption, contact one of our military defense lawyers today to learn more about your rights.

    Editor’s Note: This post was originally published in September 2021 and has been updated to include clarifying information from the Department of Defense.

    The post Which COVID-19 Vaccine Can the Military Mandate? appeared first on Military Justice Attorneys.

    Which COVID-19 Vaccine Can the Military Mandate?